England — Not random

Will happen on October 26, 1400

Description

Generally considered the father of English literature, Geoffrey Chaucer was a poet, author, philosopher and civil servant who penned the famous 'Canterbury Tales' and popularized the use of Middle English as a language of the arts at a time when formal discourse was still dominated by Latin and French. A polymath of great repute who served as both a court diplomat and elected Member of Parliament, Chaucer was a close friend of his patron John of Gaunt, Henry IV's father, and is thought to have either invented or introduced almost two thousand words to the English language through his many works.

Actions

A. Ok

• Serfdom -1

England — Not random

Conditions

• Monarch Richard III is active

Will happen on September 16, 1483

Description

Edward IV died peacefully but prematurely at the age of forty on April 9th 1483, a fact his son Edward V was made aware of five days later at his residence in Ludlow. The young King and his entourage (led by his uncle, Earl Rivers) were seized at Stony Stratford by forces of another uncle, Richard of Gloucester, on their way back to London. Gloucester was wary of Edward's mother and her influential family, the Woodvilles, and at first claimed he simply wanted to protect the young King and secure him safely back to London. Edward and his younger brother Richard of Shrewsbury were subsequently sent to the Tower of London, and several of their mother's relatives (including their guardian, Earl Rivers) were executed on Gloucester's orders. Though initially treated well and nominally being kept secure until Edward's coronation, the two boys were seen less frequently over time, and by the autumn of 1483 they had seemingly disappeared altogether. It was presumed both at home and abroad that the princes had been murdered, if not by Gloucester personally then certainly on his orders. By June 1483 he had claimed the throne for himself, and on July 6th he was crowned as King Richard III at Westminster Abbey. Though there is no definitive proof that Richard III had his nephews murdered, it is very likely that he did, as their survival meant his claim and crown were both in doubt, and though later pretenders such as Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck claimed the princes' identities, it is generally agreed that they were innocent doppelgangers being used as political pawns by those with vested interests in undermining Richard III's authority.

Actions

A. Ok

• Stability -1
• Global revolt risk +3 for 24 months
• -25 relations with Burgundy
• -25 relations with Brittany
• -25 relations with France
• -25 relations with Austria
• -25 relations with Scotland
• +3 badboy

England — Not random

Will happen on January 2, 1516

Description

One of the great Renaissance humanists and a social philosopher of some note, Sir Thomas More was a distinguished lawyer, judge and statesman, and one of the pre-eminent figures of Tudor England. More briefly served as Henry VIII's Lord High Chancellor before they fell out over the King's great matter: his desire for a divorce from Catherine of Aragon. A staunch opponent of the Reformation, More refused to acknowledge the King as supreme head of the Church, and wrote polemics against Protestant leaders such as Luther and Calvin. His two major published works were 'History of King Richard III', a piece of dynastic propaganda, and 'Utopia', a satirical fiction about an island society resembling life in a monastery.

Actions

A. Ok

• Innovativeness -1

England — Not random

Will happen on January 2, 1593

Description

The Bard William Shakespeare is considered to be history's most notable poet and dramatist of the English language. Shakespeare's works: comedies, tragedies, and histories, written for the small Globe theatre in London earned the acknowledgement and patronage of Queen Elizabeth I and her successor James I. Shakespeare's many contributions to poetry and the theatre have spread worldwide and continue to be read, performed, studied, analyzed, and adapted to this day.

Actions

A. Ok

• Stability +1
• Infrastructure tech investment: +250

England — Not random

Will happen on January 2, 1651

Description

English philosopher Thomas Hobbes held that the state of nature was a state of strife and chaos which could be ended only if individuals agreed in a 'Social Contract' to give their liberty into the hands of a sovereign. The sovereign on his part was obliged to protect his subjects. Failure to do so would allow the people to seek a new ruler. Strangely enough Hobbes managed to offend both sides in the English Civil War and spent 11 years in Paris before he dared set foot in England again in 1651.

Actions

A. Ok

• Aristocracy +1

England — Not random

Will happen on April 21, 1657

Description

Though generally forgotten today, Robert Blake is perhaps the single most influential figure in the history of the Royal Navy - an irony that would not be lost on Blake himself, who served as General-at-sea for the Commonwealth Navy of Cromwell's republic. His 'Sailing Instructions and Fighting Instructions' marked the first time naval tactics had been published for use by future naval cadets, and in 'The Laws of War and Ordinances of the Sea' he wrote the Navy's first set of rules and regulations. Under Blake's command the Navy grew to over a hundred combat vessels and fought the Spanish and Dutch fleets on equal terms, and he was the first admiral to document the use of the 'single line ahead' battle formation which would dominate naval warfare until the 19th century. Considered the 'Father of the Royal Navy' despite never actually serving in it, Blake's successes would not be matched by an English admiral until Nelson over a century later.

Actions

A. Ok

• Land -1
• Naval tech investment: +500

England — Not random

Will happen on January 2, 1687

Description

Isaac Newton, outstanding physicist, mathematician and astronomer, is often considered to be the 'father of modern science'. His experiments on the decomposition of light into a spectrum of colours by a prism were fundamental to the development of modern physical optics. His three laws of motion remained the cornerstones of mechanics until the 20th century. He also is credited with having discovered infinitesimal calculus independently, though it remains unclear whether he or Leibnitz was first in doing so. His 'Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy' of 1687 was probably his most influential work, and one of the most important scientific works in history, due to introducing mathematical methods to natural science.

Actions

A. Ok

• Innovativeness +2

England — Not random

Will happen on January 2, 1689

Description

John Locke was a seventeenth century political philosopher crucial to the advancement of enlightenment theory in England. Locke consistently argued in favor of the natural laws of reason which governed not only the universe as a whole, but also human nature. His influential 'Two Treaties of Government' promoted the ideals of limited government that both echoed the spirit of the Glorious Revolution and provided much of the philosophical basis for the U.S. Declaration of Independence and Constitution.

Actions

A. Ok

• Innovativeness +1

England — Not random

Will happen on January 30, 1750

Description

Scotsman David Hume was one of the foremost philosophers of his day who is best known for his philosophical empiricism and skepticism. Taking the scientific method of the English physicist Sir Isaac Newton as his model and building on the epistemology of the English philosopher John Locke Hume tried to describe how the mind works in acquiring what is called knowledge. He concluded that no theory of reality is possible - there can be no knowledge of anything beyond experience.

Actions

A. Ok

• Innovativeness +1

England — Not random

Will happen on January 2, 1776

Description

'The Wealth of Nations' was the first great work in political economy and the corner-stone of what later became known as laissez-faire capitalism (Smith called it the system of perfect liberty). The Scotsman introduced the concept of the 'invisible hand' - the intrinsic ability of a system of perfect liberty to control itself and still give rise to an orderly society through the mechanism of competition.

Actions

A. Ok

• Mercantilism -2

England — Not random

Will happen on August 4, 1798

Description

Lord Nelson is Great Britain's most famous and decorated naval hero, and is primarily celebrated for his two great victories against Revolutionary France at the Nile (1798) and Trafalgar (1805), during the latter of which he lost his life to a French sharpshooter after giving the famous signal 'England expects that every man will do his duty'. Widely considered one of history's greatest naval commanders, Nelson's greatest strengths were a firm grasp of strategy, an innate air of leadership, and a daring rebellious streak which allowed him to champion unorthodox tactics when he felt a situation warranted it. HMS Victory, Nelson's 104-gun flagship at the Battle of Trafalgar, is the world's oldest naval vessel still in commission.

Actions

A. Ok

• Quality +1
• Naval tech investment: +250

England — Not random

Conditions

• At least one of the following must occur:
  • Event 4983 - The Treaty of Paris for England has already occurred
  • Event 4984 - The Treaty of Paris for England has already occurred
• Monarch George III is active

Will happen on February 6, 1811

Description

The Regency was the period between the final incapacitation of George III in 1811 and his death in 1820, during which years his eldest son, Prince George, was invested with the powers and title of Regent. During his later years, George III suffered from irregular bouts of a mystery mental illness - often thought to have been porphyria - the severity of which increased following the loss of the Thirteen Colonies and the deaths of his youngest children: Octavius, Alfred and Amelia. The Regency period was a time of significant cultural, social, political and scientific change in Britain, which witnessed the Napoleonic Wars, the Industrial Revolution, and the emergence of the Romantic movement in literature and the arts. The era is often associated with lavish lifestyles, elegant fashion, and the architectural style known as Regency architecture - typified by the work of John Nash. It was marked by the influence of notable figures including the Prince Regent himself - who became King George IV in 1820 - the socialite and fashion icon Beau Brummell, the poet and adventurer Lord Byron, and the author Jane Austen.

Actions

A. Ok

• Aristocracy -1
• Monarch's diplomatic skill +2 for 120 months
• Monarch's administrative skill +2 for 120 months
• Stability +1